WEST VIRGINIA LEGISLATURE

2026 REGULAR SESSION

Introduced

House Bill 4603

By Delegates Burkhammer, Mazzocchi, Chiarelli, Flanigan, Heckert, Kimble, Miller, and Pinson

[Introduced January 20, 2026; referred to the Committee on the Judiciary]

A BILL to amend and reenact §29-21-2, §44-10-3, §44-10-5, and §49-4-601b of the Code of West Virginia, 1931; and to amend the code by adding a new section §49-4-607a; relating to the creation of the process of obtaining and adjudicating a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition.

Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:

CHAPTER 29. MISCELLANEOUS BOARDS AND OFFICERS.

ARTICLE 21. PUBLIC DEFENDER SERVICES.

§29-21-2. Definitions.

As used in this article, the following words and phrases are hereby defined:

(1) "Eligible client": Any person who meets the requirements established by this article to receive publicly funded legal representation in an eligible proceeding as defined herein;

(2) "Eligible proceeding": Criminal charges which may result in incarceration; juvenile proceedings; proceedings to revoke parole or probation if the revocation may result in incarceration; contempt of court; child abuse and neglect proceedings which may result in a termination of parental rights; pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition proceedings; appointment of a guardian for a minor in a circuit court pursuant to a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition; mental hygiene commitment proceedings; extradition proceedings; proceedings which are ancillary to an eligible proceeding, including, but not limited to, proceedings to enhance sentences brought pursuant to sections eighteen and nineteen, article eleven, chapter sixty-one §61-11-18 and §61-11-19 of this code, forfeiture proceedings brought pursuant to article seven, chapter sixty-a of this code §60A-7-701 et seq. of this code, and proceedings brought to obtain extraordinary remedies; and appeals from or post-conviction challenges to the final judgment in an eligible proceeding. Legal representation provided pursuant to the provisions of this article is limited to the court system of the State of West Virginia, but does not include representation in municipal courts unless the accused is at risk of incarceration;

(3) "Legal representation": The provision of any legal services or legal assistance as counsel or guardian ad litem consistent with the purposes and provisions of this article;

(4) "Private practice of law": The provision of legal representation by a public defender or assistant public defender to a client who is not entitled to receive legal representation under the provisions of this article, but does not include, among other activities, teaching;

(5) "Public defender": The staff attorney employed on a full-time basis by a public defender corporation who, in addition to providing direct representation to eligible clients, has administrative responsibility for the operation of the public defender corporation. The public defender may be a part-time employee if the board of directors of the public defender corporation finds efficient operation of the corporation does not require a full-time attorney and the executive director approves such part-time employment;

(6) "Assistant public defender": A staff attorney providing direct representation to eligible clients whose salary and status as a full-time or part-time employee are fixed by the board of directors of the public defender corporation;

(7) "Public defender corporation": A corporation created under section eight of this article for the sole purpose of providing legal representation to eligible clients; and

(8) "Public defender office": An office operated by a public defender corporation to provide legal representation under the provisions of this article.

CHAPTER 44. ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES AND TRUSTS.

ARTICLE 10. GUARDIANS AND WARDS GENERALLY.

§44-10-3. Appointment and termination of guardian for a minor.

(a) The circuit court and family court have concurrent jurisdiction to appoint a guardian for a minor: Provided, That jurisdiction to appoint a guardian for a minor pursuant to §49-4-607a of this code shall be in the circuit court exercising jurisdiction of the underlying juvenile abuse and neglect proceeding.

(b) Venue for a petition for appointment of guardianship is in the county in which the minor has resided for the past six months unless the court finds extraordinary circumstances for a sooner filing. If the child is a nonresident of this state and only the guardianship of the estate is sought the petition may be filed in the county in which the child has an estate: Provided, That venue for a petition for appointment of  guardianship pursuant to §49-4-607a of this code shall be in the circuit court exercising jurisdiction of the underlying juvenile abuse and neglect proceeding.

(c) All proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the Rules of Practice and Procedure for Minor Guardianship Proceedings.

(d) Any responsible person with knowledge of the facts regarding the welfare and best interests of a minor may petition for an appointment of a guardian except a parent or other person whose rights to the minor have been terminated. No guardianship petition may be considered if the child who is the subject of the petition is involved in another court proceeding relating to custody or guardianship or if the petitioner is a parent seeking custodial rights adverse to the other parent: Provided, That a guardianship petition made pursuant §49-4-607a of this code shall be considered by the circuit court exercising jurisdiction over the underlying juvenile abuse and neglect proceeding which gave rise to this action.

(e) Within two days of the filing of a petition for the appointment of a guardian, the circuit clerk shall notify the court. The court shall hold a hearing upon the petition for the appointment of a guardian within ten days after the petition is filed. If all persons entitled to service in accordance with the Rules of Practice and Procedure for Minor Guardianship Proceedings have not been served at least five days prior to the hearing or have not waived service the court shall continue the hearing but may appoint a temporary guardian pursuant to subsection (g) below.

(f) When a petition for the appointment of a guardian is filed pursuant to §49-4-607a of this code, the petition shall have attached thereto a certified copy of the underlying juvenile abuse and neglect order authorizing the filing of a petition for the appointment of a guardian.  Within two days of the filing of a petition for the appointment of a guardian, the circuit clerk shall notify the court. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (e) of this section, the court shall hold a hearing upon the petition for the appointment of a guardian within thirty days after the petition is filed.

(f) (g) The court may appoint a guardian for a minor if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the appointment is in the minor’s best interest and:

(1) The parents consent;

(2) The parents' rights have been previously terminated;

(3) The parents are unwilling or unable to exercise their parental rights;

(4) The parents have abandoned their rights by a material failure to exercise them for a period of more than six months; or

(5) There are extraordinary circumstances that would, in all reasonable likelihood, result in serious detriment to the child if the petition is denied.

(g) (h) Whether or not one or more of the conditions of subsection (f) have been established, the court may appoint a temporary guardian for a minor upon a showing that an immediate need exists or that a period of transition into the custody of a parent is needed so long as the appointment is in the best interest of the minor. The temporary guardian has the authority of a guardian appointed pursuant to subsection (f) but the duration of the temporary guardianship may not exceed six months. A temporary guardianship may be extended beyond six months upon further order of the court finding continued need in the best interest of the minor.

(h) (i) Any suitable person may be appointed as the minor’s guardian. A parent shall receive priority subject only to the provisions of subsections (d) and (f) above. However, in every case the competency and fitness of the proposed guardian must be established and a determination made that the appointment is in the best interest of the child.

(i) (j) When a petition for the appointment of a guardian is filed pursuant to §49-4-607a of this code, the court may appoint a guardian for a minor if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the appointment is in the minor’s best interest and:

(1) All parents having or asserting parental rights to the minor consent to the appointment of a guardian, or have had their parental rights to the minor previously terminated;

(2) The Department of Human Services consents to the appointment of a guardian; and

(3) The guardian ad litem in the underlying juvenile child abuse and neglect proceeding has provided a written report to the court that demonstrates that the appointment of a guardian pursuant to §49-4-607a of this code is in the minor’s best interests;

(k) The department, in cases seeking to appoint a guardian pursuant to §49-4-607a of this code, shall file any order entered by a circuit court appointing a guardian pursuant to this article in the underlying juvenile abuse and neglect proceeding.

(l) The court, the guardian or the minor may revoke or terminate the guardianship appointment when:

(1) The minor reaches the age of eighteen and executes a release stating that the guardian’s estate was properly administered and that the minor has received the assets of the estate from the guardian;

(2) The guardian or the minor dies;

(3) The guardian petitions the court to resign and the court enters an order approving the resignation; or

(4) A petition is filed by the guardian, the minor, a parent or an interested person or upon the motion of the court stating that the minor is no longer in need of the assistance or protection of a guardian due to changed circumstances and the termination of the guardianship would be in the minor’s best interest.

(j) (m) For a petition to revoke or terminate a guardianship filed by a parent, the burden of proof is on the moving party to show by a preponderance of the evidence that there has been a material change of circumstances and that a revocation or termination is in the child’s best interest: Provided, that a guardianship that was granted in a case filed pursuant to the provisions of §49-4-607a may be revoked, modified, or terminated by a parent pursuant to a filed petition with the circuit court having jurisdiction over the original child abuse and neglect proceeding, the burden of proof is on the moving party to show by clear and convincing evidence that there has been a material change of circumstances and that a revocation, modification, or termination is in the child’s best interest.  All costs and legal fees of a proceeding contemplated in this subsection shall be borne by the moving party.

(k) (n) A guardianship may not be terminated by the court if there are any assets in the estate due and payable to the minor. Another guardian may be appointed upon the resignation of a guardian whenever there are assets in the estate due and payable to the minor.

(l) (o) Other than court orders and case indexes, all other records of a guardian proceeding involving a minor are confidential and shall not be disclosed to anyone who is not a party to the proceeding, counsel of record for the proceeding, the court presiding over the proceeding or other family or circuit court presiding over another proceeding involving the minor absent a court order permitting examination of such records.

§44-10-5. Bond of guardian.

(a) Every guardian, except in cases filed pursuant to 49-4-607a and in the case of a testamentary guardian where the will otherwise directs and the court in which the will is recorded deems it unnecessary for the safety of the ward, shall give bond with security to be approved by the court by whom he or she is appointed, or before whom he or she accepts the trust, in such penalty as shall be prescribed by the court.

(b) The bond shall be given before the clerk of the court in which the petition is filed.

CHAPTER 49. CHILD WELFARE.

ARTICLE 4. COURT ACTIONS.

§49-4-601b. Substantiation by the department of abuse and neglect; file purging; expungement; exceptions.

(a) Notwithstanding any provision of this code to the contrary, when the department substantiates an allegation of abuse and/or neglect against a person, but there is no judicial finding of abuse and/or neglect as a result of the allegation, the department shall provide written notice of the substantiation to the person by certified mail, return receipt requested.

(b) The person against whom an abuse and/or neglect allegation has been substantiated, as described in subsection (a) of this section, has the right to contest the substantiation by filing a grievance with the board of review of the department and has the right to appeal the decision of the board of review to the court, in accordance with the provisions of §29A-5-1 et seq. of this code regarding administrative appeals.

(c) The secretary of the department shall propose legislative rules for promulgation in accordance with §29A-3-1 et seq. of this code, within the applicable time limit to be considered by the Legislature during its regular session in the year 2021, which rules shall include, at a minimum:

(1) Provisions for ensuring that an individual against whom the department has substantiated an allegation of abuse and/or neglect, but against whom there is no judicial finding of abuse and/or neglect, receives written notice of the substantiation in a timely manner. The written notice shall at a minimum, state the following:

(A) The name of the child the person is alleged to have abused and/or neglected, the place or places where the abuse and/or neglect allegedly occurred, and the date or dates on which the abuse and/or neglect is alleged to have occurred;

(B) That the person has a right to file a grievance protesting the substantiation of abuse and/or neglect with the board of review of the department and clear instructions regarding how to file a grievance with the board of review, including a description of any applicable time limits;

(C) That the person has a right to appeal an adverse decision of the board of review of the department to the courts and notice of any applicable time limits; and

(D) A description of any public or nonpublic registry on which the person's name will be included as a result of a substantiated allegation of abuse and/or neglect and a statement that the inclusion of the person's name on the registry may prevent the person from holding jobs from which child abusers are disqualified, or from providing foster or kinship care to a child in the future;

(2) Provisions for ensuring that a person against whom an allegation of abuse and/or neglect has been substantiated, but against whom there is no judicial finding of abuse and/or neglect, may file a grievance with the department and provisions guaranteeing that he or she will have a full and fair opportunity to be heard; and

(3) Provisions requiring the department to remove a person's name from an abuse and/or neglect registry maintained by the department if a substantiated allegation is successfully challenged in the board of review or in a court.

(d)  Notwithstanding any provision of this code to the contrary:

(1)  Where any allegation of abuse and/or neglect is substantiated and a petition for abuse and/or neglect could be filed and the department does not file a petition, all department records related to the allegation shall be sealed one year after the substantiation determination, unless during the one-year period another allegation of child abuse and/or neglect against the person is substantiated: Provided, That the provisions of this subdivision do not apply to a person against whom an allegation is substantiated but the circumstances do not allow for the filing of a petition for abuse and/or neglect;

(2) Where an allegation of child abuse and/or neglect is substantiated and a petition is filed with the circuit court which does not end in an adjudication that abuse and/or neglect occurred, the allegation shall be considered to have been unsubstantiated.

(3)(A) Where an allegation of child abuse and/or neglect is substantiated and a judicial determination of child abuse and/or neglect is found, a person may petition the circuit court which found the person to be an abusing parent to have his or her department record sealed after no less than five years have elapsed since the finding of abuse and/or neglect is rendered:  Provided, That a petition may not be filed if the person had been the subject of a substantiated allegation of abuse and/or neglect during the period of time after the finding and prior to the filing of the petition; and

(B) In its consideration of a petition filed under this subdivision, the court, in its discretion, may look at all relevant factors related to the petition, including, but not limited to, efforts at rehabilitation and family reunification.

(4) (A) Where an allegation of child abuse and/or neglect is substantiated and a petition is filed with the circuit court which does not end in an adjudication that abuse and/or neglect occurred due to a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition, as provided in §49-4-607a of this code, the allegation shall be considered substantiated and a person may petition the circuit court which ratified the pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition to have his or her department record sealed after the minor child subject to the guardianship attains the age of 18, but no petition shall be made less than five years having elapsed since the order dismissing the underlying abuse and neglect proceeding is entered:  Provided, That a petition may not be filed if the person had been the subject of a substantiated allegation of abuse and/or neglect during the period of time after the finding and prior to the filing of the petition; and

(B) In its consideration of a petition filed under this subdivision, the court, in its discretion, may look at all relevant factors related to the petition, including, but not limited to, efforts at rehabilitation and family reunification

(e) The sealing of a record pursuant to subsection (d) of this section means that any inquiry of the department about a person having a record of child abuse and/or neglect for purposes of possible employment shall be answered in the negative.

(f) The secretary is directed to propose legislative rules pursuant to §29A-1-1 et seq. of this code to effectuate the amendments to this section enacted during the regular session of the Legislature, 2023.

§49-4-607a. Pre-Adjudicatory Alternative Disposition.

(a) Subsequent to the department or other reputable person’s filing of a petition to a circuit court alleging that a child is neglected or abused pursuant to the provisions of this article, a parent  whose child has been removed from his or her home and placed with a relative, pursuant to §49-4-601a of this code, and whose placement has been ratified by the circuit court, may file a written motion seeking a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition which would allow for the entry of an order of guardianship, pursuant to §44-10-1 et seq. of this code, with the relative placement in lieu of a finding of child abuse and neglect in the underlying case. All adults having or asserting parental rights to the minor child for which there is a motion for a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition must consent to the pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition and the proposed guardianship.  

(b) A written motion for a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition shall be made at least five days prior to the scheduled adjudicatory hearing and served upon all parties, the guardian ad litem, and the court.

(c) Upon receipt of the written motion seeking a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition, the court shall enter an order directing the department and the guardian ad litem to each review and evaluate the contents of the motion and provide recommendations as to whether a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition is in the best interests of the minor. The department shall also provide in its written report to the circuit court whether it consents to the proposed guardianship request contained within the parent’s written motion for a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition such consent by the department shall not be unreasonably withheld.  These evaluations shall be completed and a written report reflecting their findings shall be filed with the court within 30 days of the entry of said order.

(d)  A court shall enter an order granting the written request for a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition and authorizing the filing of a petition for the appointment of a guardian, pursuant to §44-10-1 et seq. of this code, if the circuit court, after reviewing the parent’s motion for a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition and the written reports of the guardian ad litem and the department, determines that all adults having or asserting parental rights to the child consent to a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition and the pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition is in the best interest of the child.

(e)  When a motion for a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition has been granted by the circuit court the legal proceedings in the underlying juvenile abuse and neglect matter shall be stayed until the guardianship has been adjudicated: Provided, That that there shall be a review hearing of the underlying juvenile abuse and neglect matter every 60 days until the circuit court receives an order that the guardianship has been adjudicated.  

(f) All parties to the underlying child abuse and neglect proceeding shall be afforded the right to legal counsel. The court shall appoint the same legal counsel to represent the parties in the legal proceedings appointing a guardian.

(g) The circuit court shall dismiss the underlying child abuse and neglect case once the order appointing a guardian has been entered and provided to the circuit court having jurisdiction over the underlying juvenile child abuse and neglect proceeding, demonstrating that permanency has been established.  

(g) A pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition is not available to parents if a court determines:

(1) The parent has subjected the child, another child of the parent or any other child residing in the same household or under the temporary or permanent custody of the parent to aggravated circumstances which include, but are not limited to, abandonment, torture, chronic abuse and sexual abuse;

(2) The parent has:

(A) Committed murder of the child’s other parent, guardian or custodian, another child of the parent or any other child residing in the same household or under the temporary or permanent custody of the parent;

(B) Committed voluntary manslaughter of the child’s other parent, guardian or custodian, another child of the parent or any other child residing in the same household or under the temporary or permanent custody of the parent;

(C) Attempted or conspired to commit murder or voluntary manslaughter or been an accessory before or after the fact to either crime;

(D) Committed unlawful or malicious wounding that results in serious bodily injury to the child, the child’s other parent, guardian or custodian, to another child of the parent or any other child residing in the same household or under the temporary or permanent custody of the parent; or

(E) Committed sexual assault or sexual abuse of the child, the child’s other parent, guardian or custodian, another child of the parent or any other child residing in the same household or under the temporary or permanent custody of the parent.

NOTE: The purpose of this bill is to create the process of obtaining and adjudicating a pre-adjudicatory alternative disposition.

This bill was recommended for introduction by the Joint Committee on Children and Families.

Strike-throughs indicate language that would be stricken from a heading or the present law and underscoring indicates new language that would be added.